- Unrecognized states
- State-like entities that strive for, or have achieved de facto independence.
- Abkhazia
- Cabinda
- Catalonia
- Donetsk People’s Republic
- Kurdistan
- Luhansk People’s Republic
- Nagorno-Karabakh
- Northern Cyprus
- Puntland
- Somaliland
- South Ossetia
- Taiwan
- Transnistria
- Western Sahara
- Contested territories
- Curious borders, enclaves and territorial disputes.
- Antarctica
- Baarle
- Bajo Nueva Bank
- Bir Tawil
- Black Hills
- Bougainville
- Ceuta & Melilla
- Chagos Archipelago
- Conejo Island
- Corisco Bay
- Falkland Islands
- Fergana Valley
- Gibraltar
- Glorioso Islands
- Greater and Lesser Tunbs
- Hans Island
- Hong Kong
- Ilha Brasileira
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Kosovo
- Kuril Islands
- Liancourt Rocks
- Machias Seal Island
- Migingo Island
- Mont Blanc
- North Pole
- Paracel Islands
- Pratas Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Senkaku Islands
- Spratly Islands
- Terrestrial Triangle
- Wake Island
- Micronations
- Wondrous entities founded in an attempt to claim autonomy.
- Aerican Empire
- Aeterna Lucina
- Akhzivland
- AVL-Ville
- Boon Island
- Calexit
- Celestia
- Christiania
- Conch Republic
- Coral Sea Islands
- Elgaland-Vargaland
- EnenKio
- Eurostaete
- Freedonia
- Glacier Republic
- Great Bitter Lake
- Hakkelaarsbrug
- Hutt River
- Icaria
- Kalakuta Republic
- Kingdom of Lovely
- Ladonia
- Liberland
- Llhuros
- Minerva
- Molossia
- Moresnet
- M’Simbati
- Naminara
- New Utopia
- North Dumpling Island
- Nutopia
- Parva Domus
- Rose Island
- Sabotage
- San Escobar
- Sealand
- Seborga
- Sedang
- State of Jefferson
- Talossa
- Užupis
- Westarctica
- Yidindji